My name is Leandra, but I like to be known as Contessa Leandra because someday I am going to be a fabulously wealthy Contessa that owns Villa Falconara in Sicily and throws wonderful Masquerade parties and saves the world with humanitarian aide! (Hey, I can dream.) I’m also very interested in fashion and make-up and hairstyles. I love Victorian Era clothing, anything vintage, frilly, bright colors.
I wanted to know this: How tall are you? I ask this because I’m super short! 5ft-5’1″ – somewhere in between there. And though I love fashion and dressing up and all that, models are supposed to be tall! It’s hard for me to think that anyone could ever take me seriously if I always dressed up fashionably as a Contessa, because I’m just a little… midget person. Granted, Japanese girls are all very short and stylish, but I live in America, not Japan, and all my friends are at least a head taller than me. I don’t exactly want to pursue a career in fashion; I love making comics and geology/volcanoes, but I do like to be dressed well. If you’ve done just fine for yourself in fashion and you’re as short as I am, maybe I have hope after all?
~Contessa Leandra
Dear Contessa,
To answer your big question: I am the tallest in the family. I measure an inch higher than my mom and am a behemoth compared to my sister. I’m 5’2″.
When I got your email, I immediately thought of my sister Kat who, at the towering height of 4’11″ and aged 23, is the shortest person I know. This post is largely due to her input and wisdom – thanks, Kat!
Stuck in a sizable line at the Russian Consulate last week, Kat confided a story of recently getting videotaped by a co-worker. Although it’s always humbling to see yourself on video and hear yourself talk, the one thing that shocked her the most was how little she was compared to everybody else. She realized that she’ll be forever known as “the short girl”. In spite of this, she says she doesn’t worry about her height too much. I see her wear flats all the time, and it goes without saying that she is quite fashionable.
It seems, we shorties spend more time stressing over our height than anyone else. When we see a very tall person – and tall people are often as insecure about their height as we are, believe it or not – the only conclusion we make about them is that they are vertically longer. Although physical size is the first thing we notice, it ceases to play a significant role once we get to know the person better. If you had a childhood friend that was a few pounds overweight, I doubt the one thing you’ll remember is that you “once had a chunky friend.” :)
To prove to you that being a midget is actually awesome, Kat and I compiled a list of advantages us micro-humans have over the average-sized folk (Told you I take your letters seriously.):
- We are lovable!
Shorter people are perceived as non-threatening, so people are nicer to us – because nobody wants to be mean to a midget! We subconsciously remind them of children, so people are more willing to help (the downside of this can be patronizing – but we’ll get to that later). In addition, adult bullies prefer to bully adults, so we encounter fewer meanies along the way.
- We are a child’s best friend
Children immediately see a potential friend in shorter people, and open up more easily. If you work with kids, being tiny can be a big benefit!
- We can alter clothes like whoa!
It’s easier to make small out of a large. So next time you see a dress on sale that’s 2 sizes too big, use the money you save to get it tailored – or fix it yourself, if you’re good enough.
- We are instant girlfriend material
Tall women often have problems finding a suitably-sized guy, but a teensy-weensy girl won’t. Guys are helpless against our shorty charms because it makes them feel more protective. They cherish their petite lady friends forever!
- We are cute
Pint-sized humans are automatically cuter; there’s no arguing about that. We can pull off the kawaii look like no one else! So laugh and rejoice at your own microscopic proportions! :D
- We don’t sell ourselves short
Historically, people below average height have been known to be more ambitious and driven to succeed (aka, the Napoleon Syndrome). We might sometimes get the short end of the stick, but we sure don’t like to sell ourselves short!
Despite their diminutive statue, all these folks ended up larger than life: Joan of Arc (4’11″), Prince (5’2 1/2″), Christina Aguilera (5’2″), Madonna (5’4″), Ludwig Van Beethoven (5’3″).
Most fashion models are tall, but not all of them. Just look at Mosh rocking the 5’3″!
- We get the best shoes (the #1 overlooked benefit!)
The greatest thing about being a peanut-sized package of girly delight is that we tend to have smaller feet. Hello, cute shoes!
Not many Lilliputians are aware of this, but every Giant I’ve ever met complained about the same belittling experience they have whilst shoe-shopping: a size 7 looks cute as a button on display; but when presented with the size 11 equivalent, they want to run and hide! Shoes look prettier in smaller sizes – besides, have you tried hiding in a crowd of people when you’re 5’10″?
When it came to heels, Kat and I saw it differently. Kat says thick platforms and painfully high heels can make a shorter girl look desperate. Me, I can’t count the times when I’ve successfully ‘fooled’ people into thinking I’m taller just by wearing them! Whoa, you look so much shorter than I remember. – That’s because I was wearing big shoes last time. :)
To keep it short and sweet: there are advantages and disadvantages to any height. But in the end, it’s what you say and what you do that stays with people. If you are vertically challenged and worry about not being taken seriously, Kat suggests carrying yourself confidently, speaking intelligently, dressing appropriately & making sure all your clothes have a good fit. Most importantly, hold your head up high and don’t let your shortness get in the way of your grandeur! :)
Deerlings: how has your height affected you, positively or negatively, in life?
I’m short (5’4″) and my build is very petite and I used to hate my short height (always wore huge platforms or wedge heels) but I am finally learning to like it and for many of those reasons Doe stated. Except the small feet thing. My feet are a size 8 so they are not small by any means. And my mom is 5’2″ and her feet are a size 7.5.
However there are times I get annoyed by clothing because pants are way too long and sometimes you can’t hem pants without altering the cut of the pant (boot cut, slight flared for example). And I actually thought that I could never get away with wearing skinny tapered stretch jeans with flats because it would make my legs look short and chubby but it doesn’t. Too bad I didn’t realize this earlier.
I’m between 5’2″ and 5’3″ and lovin’ it.
Totally recognising all of the good things about being ‘ a midget’
hihi.
I’m just half an inch taller than you are! I really like my height actually, it can be a little irritating when it comes to shopping and reaching down magazines from high shelves – but that’s where you get the nearest most-attractive looking boy to come to your aid – I love playing the damsel in distress, even if it would be nice to be able to do things myself once in a while.
Clothes I don’t have a problem with really, I love that androgynous supermodel look but it’s just not me. I’ve learned how to dress to suit my own body and… I think I do pretty well.
Short girls are cute :) xx
Heya, I’m just about 4ft 11 (just about!) and admittedly I’ve had some trouble with it.
Everyone says I have an old face, I could quite easily pass for a 19 year old, (I’m 16) as well as the fact I have a womanly figure, 32c and a teeny waste and full hips.
Yeah very weird I know. It used upset me that every time I met a new person they’d say.. woah you’re short. Because it was like.. yes. I know. lol
I felt it was unfair that per say some one who had a bigger figure wouldn’t get comments like woah you’re fat when they first met someone. It seemed insensitive that I got called short and small whilst others had their insecurities politely ignored.
HOWVEVER recently i found the best reason for being small ever :) I’ve just started seeing this beautiful beautiful boy who always seems confident and cool and I was unsure wheather he really liked me because he just was closed up.
But when we first hugged, I could clearly hear his heart pounding away which totally gave away his nerves! It’s like having your own little mind reading trick, PLUS i totally agree with the shoe thing :)
Being small is lovely, but being called petite is so much more flattering I think!
We’d all love to be what we are not! I’m 5’8″ and I’d much rather be a few inches shorter! I wear a modified version (to my own taste) of Lolita, which can be very hard to pull off at my height! It only works because my demeanor and body type make me seem smaller. Men always found me sort of threatening when I was younger because I would wear 4 inch heels and make myself even taller. Fashion isn’t about height, but the confidence to pull off what you love!
I’m 5.83… and believe it or not, I want more ! I think I HAVE to be 1m77 ( aka 5’1o” )… ( I’m 17 so… ). You really always wish more than you ( already ) have !
I think the best thing in being tall ( but not TOO tall ) is that you can wear anything… and you still look good with heels. The worst is that people envy you / are afraid by you because you’re just ‘ too perfect ‘. Model’s size and model’s weight isn’t an advantage at all ! And trust me (I say this for the sweet Contessa – by the way I’m sicilian so I absolutely understand her^^) you’re not more confortable with yourself !
♣ Octavia
Your story just made my day! :D
i have to agree with you on everything. being anything but short(a little above 5’8″) i have dealt with the awkwardness and insecurity that comes with being tall. i’ve almost always been teh same height or close to it with all my male friends, which intimidates them. i have size 10 shoes, and most nice shoemakers don’t carry 10s half the time. i have a long torso, so it’s hard to find shirts that fit right. i loove heels and platforms, but if i wear them, i’m towering over everything! the only benefit to being tall is that i can get away with more weight than shorties…and that’s not really a good thing. ;P so shorties out there, rejoice in your height!
I am between 5’3″ and 5’4″. I used to hate it, because my sister is a head taller than me (she likes to rest her chin on the top of my head just to remind me) and a year younger! She used to get compliments all the time about being beautiful and model like, and all I ever got was “cute”.
Then came the day where I realized this wasn’t a bad thing. I’m petite and have the curves in the right places. I can wear a lot of clothes that many women wish they could wear and I love it. I also love being able to wear heels. Not because they name be taller necessarily but because they make my legs and bum look fabulous and I am still shorter than my fiancee.
The first time he and I met I was wearing 5″ heels with an evening gown. When we got back to a friends house I took them off and when I walked back over to him, he looked down and in a surprised voice said “Oh my god! You’re wee!” And now, we’re engaged and there is nothing better than getting to hug someone that makes me feel tiny and safe at the same time. (He’s about 6′)
I love being short!
You just made me like being short. I’m 5’2″, and I always liked being tiny and cute, but at the same time I get teased a lot for being too tiny. I’m a culinary student so the other chefs tell me I’m too tiny for a kitchen. :P
It just makes me sad because it’s hard to be a model being so tiny. And I’m not one for fetish stuff. :P
I’m 5’6″ and it doesn’t get too much in my way while I’m in the states.. it does bother me when I’m in Korea though. I’m a bit taller than the average height meaning… the adorable beautiful mini skirt that I really want… becomes a micro mini on me… (doesn’t help that I love high shoes to no end) I tend to start scrouching without even meaning to.. probably because some people are threatened by my height. (I’m not even THAT tall but we’re all shorter in asian countries…)
oh… and another shorty that totally took over the world(?) Napoleon… :P Thought I’d throw him in there with all the others who made it big.
I’m 5’11…almost 6′..I would rather be 5’2!
Growing up I was always tall..and all pants fit like flood pants..not so nice in the winter :p
But yes,as I get older I find the pants get longer..which is awesome! finding a 34 or 36 length used to be a rather tiresome task..now its no problem!
I would still rather be short.
I’m 5’8 and I hate it for all the reasons you described in your post, I have large feet which makes it difficult to get shoes and then they have to be flat. I hate being tall, someone please invent a shrinking machine!
I like being my height, it’s perfect! 5’4″! The only thing is, that my shoe size is a 9!! a 9 wide! So weird for someone my height
You’re so right about shoes.
I’m 6′ tall with UK size 9/10 feet and I find it pretty much impossible to get pretty shoes. They just don’t seem to exist in my size. :( I’ve ended up wearing Converse all the time, even though I don’t particularly want to, just because they come in more than one colour.
I’m exactly 5’2”, and I love it. There’s something universally great about being small – for all the reasons you mentioned. I can do bad deeds and never get accused, because noone thinks the tiny girl could’ve done it! My friends (all of them almost six feet tall) call me the Imp Pixie.
I love being small.
Holy cow, Deere, I didn’t think you and Mosh were so short! Now I feel better about only being 5’3″. As a teenager, it’s so hard shopping for clothes sometimes – either I have to get the smallest adult sizes available or go to a kid’s clothing store and buy their largest… LOL Thank you for the list, that was a quite a good pick-me-up. :)
I agree that people tend to be a little gentler with tiny folk. My height plus my round face makes people think I’m way younger than I really am (I’m 17; people mistake me for a 13-year-old!), but when you’re little, everything you do is about 10 times cuter, it seems…
I also wear a size 4 shoe. I must be the Mayor(ess?) of Tinytowne or something. Still, at least I’m over the 5 foot mark!
I’m 5’10 but very close to a 5’11 and I always wanted to be taller. I’m proud of my height but other than my mom I’m the shorty of the family. I don’t think height should matter to a person. We’re all beautiful in our own way no matter our size and we always have something to offer. I can’t wear high heels anymore because of surgery so I can’t stand over a six foot with anyone anymore but I can live with it. Even though most of the good looking heels are higher than I can wear. I really want to find a small heel that looks good. But I can live until then and be sporting my 5’10 with pride.
Oh and trust me cute does not look even remotely close to good on a twiggy 5’10. Everyone whos in the 4 foots and low 5′s you can all have the cute clothes while I scare men off by being to tall and only fitting into the too confident/confused with arrogant no-one will talk to you category.
I’m 5’6 and I really hate it. Jes there are girls bigger than me, but I’m one of the biggest. There are boys that are smaller than MEEE.. I behave totally like a child and i’m so huge… I would love to war high heels. I have 3 pairs but I… i’d really like tto wear them but I am 5’9 wearing them and I’m not fat, more thin but I feel like an elefaant. I’d loooove to be small.. enjoy it!!!!!!
I’m 5’10, and when I was in high school one of my best friends was 4’11, but she completely made up for it in personality, after a couple months of hanging out with her, I felt more and more like a behemoth, and started wearing flats, and even unconsciously began to hunch over, in an effort to not look ridiculous in comparison.
A few years later, and what I’ve discovered is that no matter what height you are, you are going to have advantages and disadvantages in comparison to everyone else. Don’t dwell on it, and wear exactly what makes you feel happy!
I love being 6 feet tall so much that I never felt the need to make a list about the advantages (which by far exceeds any disadvantages)
it`s one of the few characteristics that I am admittedly conceited about…this I know
I am 5’11″ (1.82 m) and it’s almost impossible to find long enough pants, shoes either don’t exist in my size or just look boat-like. It’s hard to find skirts because they can easily have awkward lengths and ‘over knee socks’.. I still have to find the pair that gets all the way over my knees. I can’t wear pantyhose because they are super tight or 2 inch too short at the crotch. So I have to wear stay-ups with garters (not that bad ;) but still)
And men, pff.. I am Dutch which is the county with the tallest people in the world, so taller boys are not super rare, but shorter girls like 6feet+ men as well.
I used to avoid heels like the plague, but now I have ankle boots with a 2 inch heel and even boots with almost 3 inch heels. I admit I don’t wear them when I know I’ll be around shorter people, but I do wear them at times.
I’d love to be shorter. Those girls get called cute easily and adorable. I sometimes feel like people give me more attitude because they think I can take it or they confuse walking straight with being arrogant. I have been taller than the average girl all my life and just like you don’t like to be called short, I don’t like people saying how tall I am and that I make them feel short.
I’m 5’2″ and chubby. When I was younger I was obsessed with comic books, so all I wanted was to be as tall as the superheroines I admired. Later on I began noticing that boys and girls adored how short I am and how cute my short legs look. Everyone always say that I look like a doll. Oh, and I love that boys are always taller than me!
Oh Doe Deere, you have completely endeared yourself to me with this post.
Just dropping a note to say don’t forget about Shakira! Who is either 4’11″ or 5’2″ depending on who you ask.
I’m 6’2″.
YEAH.
I’m ridiculously taller than pretty much everyone, but I love it. Even more so now that I’ve lost almost 130lbs and I’m at a slender healthy weight. I used to feel just… HUGE. in general. Now I feel a total confidence. It also helps that I’m married and don’t mind intimidating men now. :D HAHAHAHAHA. I’m like, yeah, I’m tall, you love it, but are scared. It’s ok.
I once had a roommate that was 4’11″. We never met before I moved in and she opened the door and we were both like — WOAH.
She was kind of evil, but not all shorties are. :D I KNOW. hahaha. My sister is the shorty of my family and she’s 5’6″.
The one thing that is really true on your list is about the shoes — although if I were 5’8″ I’d be ok with it, but being 6’2″, if I wore heels… it’d be pretty much terrifying. I stick to flats or kitten heels/tinywedges.
I used to never be able to find pants long enough, but I also have found as I’ve gotten older it’s been easier — maybe retailers are learning that it’s worth it to sell various lengths of pants? Maybe it’s just that I never shopped at those stores when I was younger? Either way. I love it.
OH — but dresses are a PAIN. I’m SOOO tall that even if I could pull off a certain length, sometimes the proportions are still completely wrong and pockets that are supposed to be on the hips are like, on the waist, and it just looks awkward.
All of this is so true, man.
(:
I’m at 5’2″ ( and a half! :D ), and I’m called the most adorable kid out of my group of friends.
I’m tinyyy.
Everything about me is dainty but my feet and ankles.
DDD:
Haha. So I just stick with Converse Hi-Tops, Vans, and the occasional pair of boots.
(:
But I had no idea that Mosh was as tall as she is.
She looks wayy taller.
Ahah, but now I feel more confident about my height.
I never took the time to weigh out the advantages to the disadvantages.
:]
At 5′ even, I really appreciate this post. I used to have more of a complex about my height, but I like it now. I love being able to shop the kid’s sections of stores. Boy’s shirts and girl’s tights are the best.
For the times I feel vertically challenged, I’m lucky to have a tall boyfriend to get things off high shelves.
i’m 18 years old and…
4’11″
verrrryyy tiny. i weigh 92 pounds (i don’t have an eating disorder..) and am very, very petite.
so this was a very nice list :) i used to be bothered by it but i barely notice it now. lot’s of people call me ‘little person’, ‘little lady’ ‘short sara’ and i think its funny.
I am a teenaged girl, and I’m 5’9”. I used to always wear converse because a: they are awesome, and b:They are completely flat. Now, I embrace my hight and wear heels ALL THE TIME!
I have friend who are short, and if you are skinny, this is good, because they get all their jeans on super sale, because who actually wears size 0 jeans? So that’s a plus.
I’m 22 and I’m between 5’2 and 5’3. I don’t usually worry too much about my height, but sometimes I wish I was a few inches taller…like 5’5 so that my weight could be more more evenly distributed. I’m not heavy or anything, but I am a little self conscious about my tummy area. My sister is 5’10 and we sometimes talk about advantages of being tall over being short. My boyfriend is 6’2…about a foot taller than me, and I don’t mind at all. =) Also, one of my best friends is 4’9….so I’m kind of in the middle of heights around the people I know. I’m overall, pretty happy being 5’2-5’3. And I love wearing high heels. =)
You are SOOOO right about the shoe benefit. I have huge feet, but if I had a dollar for every unbelievably gorgeous shoe I saw on the sale rack in a size 6, I’d be too rich to care what’s on the sales rack.
i’m 5’2″ and you are totally right about kids opening up to you! Little kids come up to me at stores, smiling and waving! it’s so cute :) and now I know why, they think I’m one of them, hahaha!
i’m envious of shorter people partly because of the cuteness and partly because of the shoe size thing. one of my best friends is 4″9 and wears a size 3 in kids! most people ask her if she wants to feel short because i stand at 5″10 1/2. shopping with her is impossible, i’m scouring the racks to see if the have anything that isn’t horrendous in a size 10, but she’s at the other end of the store trying to find something that doesn’t have hannah montanna plastered all over it.
The most annoying thing about being short is jeans. I love jeans, I would marry them if they asked nicely. But they are always way too long, sometimes a good 10 cm long.
The best thing about being short is when I’m shoving my way through a crowd no one can see the midget who is elbowing her way through.
I’m 5’1″ too; and yes I know the feeling you get when you have to look up to see your friends. All of mine are at least 5’6″ -_-
I assert myself when I’m around them by yelling; lol not really. People will take you seriously as long as YOU are serious. Go ahead and dress up!
I’m short too. Around 5’3″ish. I started noticing I was smaller than average when I’d look back at my elementary school class photos and notice I was also place front row center(though now I wouldn’t find that so bad..) But I knew I was short.
In high school I started wearing higher shoes, platforms.. and I felt better.. Then my feet grew, or the shoes died, and well.. 8th graders don’t really have much money. So I was back to regular shoes.
I had a decent amount of friends, but they did joke about my height, since I was the smallest(tallest of my cousins though!). I got used to it, but it still bugged me every once in a while. But then.. it kind of just went away. And now I’m fine with my height. And with all those reasons up there you put, one can’t help but feel short and proud! And even if I was still self-conscious about my height, at least I know how to dress to look taller. That’s always a helpful thing. :)
yay!
Im 4’10″ and im was already “okay” with my height, but this makes me feel more confident about it. I never looked at all the good points. =))
hi hi from another shortie! i’m 17 years old and 5’3” :]
i’ve never had a problem with not be able to be fashionable because of my hight or small-ness! it’s all about wearing what you like in a way that suits you! most of my friends actually envy my style!
i’ve only ever actually felt short when reaching for something on a high shelf, ahah! or in dance class, because most dancers are supposed to be tall. but my teacher is also short and she said she’s fooled judges and choreographers alike by simply dancing with good posture and confidence!
also, my boyfriend is 6′- and he loves that i’m teeny!
so, darling Contessa Leandra [gorgeous name by the way!], it’s all about confidence and loving yourself! good luck :]
Whoop for being a short arse! I love being short. I’m about 5″1. I completely agree with all your things on the list, (though I have one disadvantage that I’m short with long legs and a short body, means every dress pattern needs drastic alterations). You’re short, people think you’re cute and you can get away with a lot! lol My other half is literally a head taller than me, he loves it because apparently I’m perfect hugging size, I fit ever so nicely. It’s a silly bonus of being short, but it’s a bonus I love.
I’m Latina so my culture there are very tiny people, but i’m 5’6 and i feel like a giant, i know to some i’m still short, but where i am from this is considered tall. My mom is 5’1 and my sister is 5’3, my other sister is 5’7 and i’m 5’6……..but i never had a problem with wanting to be taller or wanting to be shorter. Don’t know , it is something that we never thought about, and even now i don’t, but this is a great post, love it all
5’4″ is the average height for an American. I don’t know what people are talking about. Yes, 5’2″ is short but it’s not THAT short. What does everyone expect to be? 5’6″? Come on…there are people in wars and dying and you’re complaining of a few inches…
Oh by American, I mean American woman.
At 5’3” I’m on the short side of “medium”, and WORD on everyone who hates having to alter jeans. I have five or six pairs that I could wear….if they weren’t about 4-6 inches too long for me. I can’t even wear them with heels!
I have to ask, though, how the other shorties here manage to not look stumpy in clothes. Doe, you’re my size, but your clothes never seem to be arguing with your body, and you look proportional and fabulous ALL THE TIME. 79% of what I try makes me look like a fun house mirror or and Oompa Loompa. You (and Mosh) seem able to over come fashion’s shortcomings (pardon the pun) when it comes to wee fashionistas. Any tricks to share?
I’m 5’11, the tallest of all my female friends and most male ones. I completely agree with the hunching that a couple of people mentioned- it’s hard not to, especially growing up. One thing that I regretted most was my inability to wear heels, as I could walk in them perfectly, but would tower over everyone else. At 19, I am finally over that, and strut my stuff wearing heels. Standing out is a good thing!
Although I am taller than a woman’s average (which I believe is actually, 5’3″), I still feel too short for modeling, which is a dream of mine. I guess that being 5’5″ isn’t so bad, but I’d really appreciate 2 more inches. :(
i’m 5’11″ and i absolutely hate it. i went to an arts middle school, and the little 5’0″ dance girls running and jumping everywhere just killed my self-esteem. high school is crap because half the boys haven’t grown up yet…
but i know that one day i’ll be shorter than someone, somewhere. and i’ll be ready. :D
I’m 22 and 5 feet even EXACTLY! I’m Chinese and Spanish, so shorties were kind on both sides. I haven’t grown since I was about 12–I’m 22 now–and I used to hate it! But for the past several years I’ve come to love the tinyness that is me.
My favorite ‘short’ memory is that I met one of my favorite bands in 2004, and of course on the CD covers and posters, they all looked huge! But when I met them the tallest was maybe 5 foot five! The singer even ‘proposed’ to me because he had been looking for a girl shorter than him for years.
Now I’m engaged to a 6 foot 2 drummer and I have to say I’m in love with the fact I can wear ANY size heel beneath my dress!!
All your reasons were so true and definately made me even more proud to be the tiny woman I am!
My best friend and partner in crime is significantly taller than my 5’2″, in fact she’s one of the tallest girls I know. We love being a study in opposites, she’s the tall, thin and stunning red-head and I’m the cheeky little brunette. We’re lucky to be able to share clothes (except they’re always significantly shorter on her!), but sadly not shoes because she’s got about four sizes on me.
We joke about being the perfect pair to go out on the town with because I can nab the shorter friends while she pursues the taller ones. Plus she likes egg whites and I like egg yolks, match made in heaven or what?! Thus I’d like to add to the list the power of opposites, as a small girl you look adorable with a big guy (or cutely matched with a smaller guy!) and can work this to your advantage.
x